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The Gwangtaeji vessel, or Gwangtaeji for short, is an important archaeological discovery in Korea. It was discovered in 1999 in the northern province of Pyeonganbok-do and has been dated to the early Goryeo Dynasty period of Korea's history, which was between 918 and 1392.
The Gwangtaeji vessel is unique in that it is the earliest known example of stoneware porcelain in existence. It is estimated to be between 950-1150 years old, and is made of white porcelain with a celadon glaze that is indicative of Goryeo stoneware. It is made of a combination of clay and biological stone, and is 19 cm tall, with a diameter of 18 cm.
The Gwangtaeji vessel is believed to have been designed for use as a ritual vessel, as it has a lid and various ritual decorations inscribed on it. The top of the lid features a relief of a winged lion with an open mouth, which is thought to symbolize a guardian figure that was traditionally believed to keep evil away. The bottom of the vessel features six characters inscribed into its surface. The first three characters "cheon-gak" are believed to represent the Korean words for "heaven", "endurance" and "good fortune". The other three characters, "beop-go", are believed to represent the Korean words for "peace" and "happiness".
The vessel also features several images of people and animals, including an image of a swallow which is believed to represent the south wind, and two images of Chinese lions, which are believed to represent protection. These images, combined with the characters inscribed on the base, symbolize the power of nature and its ability to ing wealth, prosperity and longevity to those who take care of it.
The Gwangtaeji vessel is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Korea, as it provides invaluable insight into the stoneware-making techniques of the Goryeo Dynasty period. It is also an important symbol of Korea's cultural heritage and a reminder of the importance of respecting nature and its powers.
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